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神 信 實 無 變
作 者 : 黃 儀 章 博 士 （ 伯 特 利 神 學 院 聖 經 系 教 授 ）
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「童女懷孕生子」兆頭（7:14）的意思1
在以賽亞書7:14先知以賽亞宣告：2
「因此，主自己要給你們一個兆頭：必有童女懷孕生子，給他起名叫以馬內利。」
在這個宣告中，有以下六方面是需要我們加倍注意的：3
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本文曾刋登於 ….. |
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黃嘉樑：「這段經文廣為信徒所知曉」（黃嘉樑、梁國權、雷建華：《舊約先知書要領》，聖經通識叢書 [香港：基道出版社，2007] ，頁101）。 |
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Wolf: “The identification of Immanuel and his mother in Isa 7:14 has been an object of heated debate for centuries. There is scarcely any other passage which has been subjected to so many varying analyses with regard to the translation of key words . . . the nature of the passage” (Herbert M. Wolf, “A Solution to the Immanuel Prophecy in Isaiah 7:14-8:22,” Journal of Biblical Literature 91 [1972]: 449). |
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在中文聖經方面，和合本，新譯本和當代聖經都把賽7:14的 譯為「童女」，思高聖經譯為「貞女」，呂振中聖經譯為「少婦」，而現代中文譯本譯為「閨女」。在英文聖經方面，KJV, NKJ, NAS, NIV, ASV, ESV, NAB, NLT 等譯作 ‘virgin’ ，而 RSV, NRSV, NEB, REB, NET, JB, NJB, TEV, Tanak 等則譯作 ‘young woman’。)。 |
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除了這兩個看法以外，筆者也注意到還有一些較少被學者討論的看法。例如，Skemp 認為，這裡的「童女」不是字義上 (literal)所指的一個女子（無論她是已達適婚年齡，並且快將出嫁的女子，或是雖達適婚年齡，卻從沒有出嫁的女子），而是一個擬人法的表達手法，用來象徵「猶大國」。因此，「以馬內利」不是指一個「嬰孩」，而是指「出自猶大國一羣對神忠信，因而在危難時得到神的同在和保護的餘民」(Skemp: “ . . . ‘the young woman of marriageable age,’ . . . must represent Judah (or Israel as a whole), of whom the faithful ‘remnant,’ ‘Immanuel,’ is about to be born . . . ‘Immanuel,’ soon to be born of ‘the young woman of marriageable age,’ was a personification of the righteous ‘remnant,’ so central in Isaiah’s teaching－ the faithful few who proved their trust in God’s presence by their obedience to His will, therefore the ideal possessors of the Promised land ‘flowing with milk and honey’” (Annie E. Skemp, “’Immanuel’ and ‘The Suffering Servant of Yahweh’: A Suggestion,” The Expository Times 44 [1932-33]: 94)。持這看法的學者還有 Gene Rice (“A Neglected Interpretation of the Immanuel Prophecy,” Zeitschrift für die altestamentliche Wissenschaft 90 [1978]: 220-25)。 |
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Wolf, “A Solution to the Immanuel Prophecy in Isaiah 7:14-8:22.” |
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「我今日到了井旁，便說：耶和華我主人亞伯拉罕的神阿，願你叫我所行的道路通達。我如今站在井旁，對那一個出來打水的女子說：請你把你瓶裏的水給我一點喝。她若說：你只管喝，我也為你的駱駝打水。願那女子就作耶和華給我主人兒子所豫定的妻。」 |
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中文和合本聖經譯為「女子」。 |
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華人舊約學者蔡定邦博士也認為把譯為「少婦」更符合經文的意思（參蔡定邦：〈以賽亞書七章14節中的童女抑或少婦？〉《香港神學院院訊》第80期，2005年6-7月，頁10）。 |
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「我要用誠實的見證人，祭司烏利亞和耶比利家的兒子撒迦利亞，記錄這事」（賽8:2）。 |
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Motyer: “Genesis 24 is particularly important as providing a direct comparison of and  Abraham’s servant’s prayer (24:14) is couched in terms of a ‘girl’  who is to marry Isaac. In verse 16 the approaching Rebekah is described as female,of marriageable age()and single 'no man had ever lain with her’). The qualifying words indicate that by itselfis not specific. In the light of this accumulating knowledge of Rebekah, verse 43 finally describes her as , which is clearly a summary term for ‘female, marriageable, unmarried. There is no ground for the common assertion that had Isaiah intended virgo intacta he would have used hl'WtB.. lies closer to this meaning than the other word” (J. Alec Motyer, The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary [Downers Grove: IVP, 1993], 85). |
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Wenham: “ has no more reference to virginity than the English word ‘girl’. It denotes a ‘girl of marriageable age’, who may or may not be a virgin, depending her circumstances” (Gordon Wenham, “‘A Girl of Marriageable Age,’” Vetus Testamentum 22 [1972]: 326-48]. |
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Wenham: “‘’is the only Hebrew word which without qualification means an unmarried woman--however marriageable she may be. On the other hand, “hl'WtB.” too often requires some such additional description as "‘neither had man known her’ (e.g., Gen 24:16; Judg 11:37-39; etc.) to merit serious consideration as a quasi-technical term for virgo intacta” (Wenham, “‘A Girl of Marriageable Age,’” 326-48].此外，舊約學者 Niessen 也清楚指出，在舊約聖經中，也有被用來形容一個寡婦或一個經歷過性交的婦人，而則是解作「一位年輕的童女」(Richard Niessen, "The Virginity of the in Isaiah 7:14," Bib Sac 137 [1980]: 147)。Wenham 和 Niessen 的看法與華人舊約學者蔡定邦博士和黃嘉樑博士的看法不一樣。蔡定邦認為把譯為『少婦』更符合經文的意思（參蔡定邦：〈以賽亞書七章14節中的：童女抑或少婦？〉，頁10），而黃嘉樑則認為「這節經文的重點不是『處女』，而是一個年青可生育的女子，因為『處女』在希伯來文另有一個詞 (; 參創24:16；利21:3)」（黃嘉樑、梁國權、雷建華：《舊約先知書要領》，頁102〉。 |
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（童女）懷孕
，即先知以賽亞的太太。
