筆者用「同路人」來翻譯emic (insider) 這字,確實並不完全準確。Kenneth L. Pike這位語言學家,是第一位提出用emic (insider) 和etic (outsider) 這兩個角度來研究人的行為。參Kenneth L. Pike, Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of human Behavior, (Hague: Mouton, 1967) 。以後,Pike的理論被應用於宗教現象,見Russel T. McCutcheon, The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion, (London: Cassell, 1999), pp. 17-18.